|
Mežotne Palace ((ラトビア語:Mežotnes pils), (ドイツ語:Schloss Mesothen)) is a manor house located in Mežotne municipality in Bauska district, in the Semigallia region of Latvia. The palace is one of the most outstanding examples of Classicism architecture in Latvia. == History == In 1795, Empess Catherine II of Russia granted Charlotte von Lieven (1742–1828), the tutor of her grandchildren, a lifetime use of the property at Mežotne. In 1797 Emperor Paul I of Russia turned it into the hereditary estate of the Lieven family. In 1799, he raised her to the title of countess. In 1826 she was raised by Nicholas I of Russia to a princess. During the last years of the Duchy of Courland's history, the manor was rented by Johann Friedrich von Medem. His daughter Anna Charlotte Dorothea married Duke Peter of Courland. The construction of the manor house was started in 1797 under the guidance of the architect Johann Georg Adam Berlitz. He used the Classicism design by the Italian architect Giacomo Quarenghi and added side avant-corps to the building. The construction work was completed in 1802.〔 An English style landscape park and complex of subsidiary buildings were added to the ensemble. A previous manor house already existed next to it and was renovated to become the caretaker's house and administrative centre.〔http://www.ambermarks.com/_Pieminekli/IsieApraksti/BauskasRaj/MezotnesPag/EMezotnesVecaPils.htm〕 Other buildings include the dairy, stables, distillery, and others, which was able to make the estate largely self-sufficient.〔http://www.ambermarks.com/_Pieminekli/IsieApraksti/BauskasRaj/MezotnesPag/EMezotnesSiern.htm〕 Charlotte von Lieven lived permanently in St. Petersburg, together with the Czar's family. Only once did she have an opportunity to visit her estate at Mežotne. In 1818 she accompanied Empress Maria Feodorovna on her journey to Germany and on 2 September arrived in Mežotne. They spent one day there and left early in the morning. After the death of Charlotte von Lieven in 1828, the manor was inherited by her son Johann who had returned to Mežotne in 1817 after his military service in the Russian army. His son Paul, the master of ceremonies at the Russian court and land marshal of the Vidzeme Knighthood, expanded his estate by obtaining the Bauska Manor with its castle ruins as well as Derpele and Krimulda Manors in Vidzeme. In 1881 Mežotne was inherited by Paul Lieven's son Anatol. He started his career in St. Petersburg, but when he attained the rank of lieutenant of the Guards Cavalry, he left the army and settled in Mežotne. The house suffered severe damage in 1919 when it was looted by the warlord Pavel Bermondt-Avalov's troops. In 1920 Prince Anatol Lieven was dispossessed of the estate as a result of the Latvian government's agrarian reform.〔4.100 sakoptakie kulturas pieminekli Latvija, Riga, Valsts kulturas piemineklu aizsardzibas inspekcija, 2005.〕 The manor remained in the possession of the family until 1939. It was used from 1921 until 1944 as the local agricultural school. During World War II, the manor was partially destroyed by artillery shells fired by the Soviet army in 1944. In 1946 the manor was taken over by the Latvian Agricultural Experiment Station. The restoration work started at the end of 1958. In 1996 the house was transferred to the control of the State Real Estate Agency, which carried out extensive reconstruction and restoration work in 2001, and a hotel openend up. The house and grounds are used today also for conferences and wedding receptions and other events. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mežotne Palace」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|